SEMANTICS
understanding Semantics
Semantics is the branch of linguistics that examines the meaning or significance. Semantics as a branch of the science of language have equal status with the other branches of linguistics. The semantics are equal to the phonology, morphology, and syntax. Here, the difference is the language of the branches of science is divided into two major parts of morphology and syntax, including at the level of grammar, whereas phonology and semantics, including at the level beyond grammar.Since Chomsky stated the importance of semantics in linguistic studies, the study of semantics as part of linguistic studies are becoming increasingly aware of. Semantics is no longer a peripheral object, but became the object of study comparable to areas other linguistic studies, both phonology, morphology, and syntax. Various theories about the meaning began to emerge, Ferdinand de Saussure, with his theory that the linguistic sign (signe linguistique) consists of its significant components and signifie. Furthermore, Hockett (1954) in Chaer (1994), stating that the language is a complex system of habits. Language system is composed of five subsystems, namely subsystem grammatical, phonological subsystem, subsystem Morphophonemic, subsystems semantic and phonetic subsystem. Chomsky himself, in his first book did not mention the problem of meaning, only the second book, (1965), states that semantics is one component of grammar, in addition to two other components is syntax and phonology, as well as the meaning of a sentence is determined by semantic component.The views were an assortment of experts mejadikan experts have differences in interpreting the semantics. Understanding the different semantics is actually expected to linguistic disciplines to develop an extremely wide-ranging.1. Charles MorristSuggests that semantic examine "relations with the signs of objects which is a container application of these signs."2. J.W.M Verhaar; 1981: 9Suggests that the semantics (English: semantics) means a theory of meaning or significance theory, namely branch investigating systematic language meaning or significance.3. Lehrer; 1974: 1Semantics is the study of meaning. For Lehrer, semantics is a very broad field of study, because it helped offensive aspects of the structure and function of the language so that it can be connected with psychology, philosophy and anthropology.4. Kambartel (in Bauerk, 1979: 195)Semantics assumes that the language consists of a structure that reveals the meaning when linked to the objects in the world of human experience.5. Britanika Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia Britannica, vol.20, 1996: 313)Semantics is the study of the relationship between a linguistic distinction with the relationship of mental or symbols in speech activity.6. Dr. Mansoer PatedaSemantics is subdisiplin discuss linguistic meaning.7. Abdul ChaerSemantics is the study of meaning or the meaning. That is one of 3 (three) level of analysis of language (phonology, grammatical and semantic).Semantics implies the study of meaning to the notion that the meaning becomes part of the language, the semantic part of linguistics.Semantic actually a science of meaning, in English called meaning. Semantic word itself comes from the Greek. That sema (noun) meaning "mark" or "emblem". The verb is semaino which means "mark" or "represents". Then semantic agreed as that term is used in the field of linguistics to study the relationship between linguistic signs with something that is being marked.
Type - Type Meaning
- Lexical meaning: lexical meaning is the real meaning, in accordance with the observation of our senses, the meaning of what it is, meaning in the dictionary.
- Grammatical meaning: grammatical meaning when there is a process of affixation, reduplication, composition and kalimatisasi.
- Contextual meaning: the meaning of a word that is in a context.
- Referansial meaning is meaning in direct contact with reality or referent (reference), referential meaning is also called cognitive significance, as it has reference.
- Cognitive meaning is also called denotative meaning is the meaning that suggest a link between the concept to the world of reality. Not only possessed the cognitive meaning of words that designate real objects, but refers also to the forms of cognitive meaning, among other things, it's, there, over here.
